ISBN: Difference between revisions
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Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained thirteen digits, a format that is compatible with "[[Bookland]]" [[European Article Number]]s, which have 13 digits. | Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained thirteen digits, a format that is compatible with "[[Bookland]]" [[European Article Number]]s, which have 13 digits. | ||
== Overview == | |||
A separate ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a publication. For example, an ebook, [[audiobook]], paperback, and hardcover edition of the same book will each have a different ISBN assigned to it. The ISBN is thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and ten digits long if assigned before 2007. An International Standard Book Number consists of four parts (if it is a 10-digit ISBN) or five parts (for a 13-digit ISBN). | |||
Section 5 of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual describes the structure of the 13-digit ISBN, as follows: | |||
[[File:ISBN Details.svg|thumb|The parts of a 10-digit ISBN and the corresponding EAN-13 and barcode. Note the different check digits in each. The part of the EAN-13 labeled "EAN" is the [[Bookland]] country code.]] | |||
# for a 13-digit ISBN, a prefix element – a ''[[GS1]] prefix'': so far 978 or 979 have been made available by GS1, | |||
# the ''registration group element'' (language-sharing country group, individual country or territory),{{efn|Some books have several codes in the first block: e.g. A. M. Yaglom's ''Correlation Theory...'', published by [[Springer Verlag]], has two ISBNs, {{ISBNT|0-387-96331-6|3-540-96331-6|leadout=and}}. Though Springer's 387 and 540 codes are different for English (0) and German (3); the same item number 96331 produces the same check digit for both (6). Springer uses 431 as the publisher code for Japanese (4), and 4-431-96331-? also has a check digit of 6. Other Springer books in English have publisher code 817, and 0-817-96331-? would also have a check digit of 6. This suggests that special considerations were made for assigning Springer's publisher codes, as random assignments of different publisher codes would not be expected to lead by coincidence to the same check digit every time for the same item number. Finding publisher codes for English and German, say, with this effect would amount to solving a linear equation in modular arithmetic.{{Original research inline|This note may contain original research|date=May 2019}}}} | |||
# the ''registrant'' element, | |||
# the ''publication element'', and | |||
# a ''[[checksum]] character'' or [[check digit]]. | |||
A 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts (''prefix element'', ''registration group'', ''registrant'', ''publication'' and ''check digit''), and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with [[hyphen]]s or spaces. Separating the parts (''registration group'', ''registrant'', ''publication'' and ''check digit'') of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces. Figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. The International ISBN Agency's Manual says: "The ten-digit number is divided into four parts of variable length, which must be separated clearly, by hyphens or spaces", although omission of separators is permitted for internal data processing. If present, hyphens must be correctly placed. The actual definition for hyphenation contains more than 220 different registration group elements with each one broken down into a few to several ranges for the length of the registrant element (more than 1,000 total). The document defining the ranges, listed by agency, is 29 pages.}} | |||
Revision as of 22:35, 4 September 2022
| File:EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code | |
| Acronym | ISBN |
|---|---|
| Organisation | International ISBN Agency |
| Introduced | 1970 |
| No. of digits | 13 (formerly 10) |
| Check digit | Weighted sum |
| Example | 978-3-16-148410-0 |
| Website | isbn-international.org |
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is intended to be unique.
Occasionally, publishers erroneously assign an ISBN to more than one title—the first edition of The Ultimate Alphabet and The Ultimate Alphabet Workbook have the same ISBN, 0-8050-0076-3. Conversely, books are published with several ISBNs: A German second-language edition of Emil und die Detektive}} has the ISBNs 87-23-90157-8 (Denmark), 0-8219-1069-8 (United States), 91-21-15628-X (Sweden), 0-85048-548-7 (United Kingdom) and 3-12-675495-3 (Germany). In some cases, books sold only as sets share ISBNs. For example, the Vance Integral Edition used only two ISBNs for 44 books. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.
An ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation (except reprintings) of a publication. For example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book will each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is ten digits long if assigned before 2007, and thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007.[lower-alpha 2]
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